Designation

Conventional WC-12Co

coating

Nanostructured WC-12Co

coating

CeO₂-doped WC-12Co

coating

Porosity (%)

0.60 ± 0.04

0.52 ± 0.04

0.35 ± 0.03

Micro-hardness (GPa)

10.6 ± 0.3

12.2 ± 0.4

12.2 ± 0.4

Elastic modulus (GPa)

119.6 ± 9.3

226.9 ± 18.7

204.1 ± 17.1

Fracture toughness (Mpa∙m^1/2)

4.0 ± 0.3

5.5 ± 0.4

5.2 ± 0.4