Catalyst

Representative catalyst

Characteristic

ABO3-type

BaTiO3

The BaTiO3 of the cubic phase entails central symmetry but lacks piezoelectricity because the Ti4+ ion is located at the center of TiO6

Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3

KNbO3

Wurtzite

ZnO

In the ZnO crystal structure, Zn2+ and O2− are stacked layer by layer along the c-axis, and their centers overlap with each other, hence the nondetection of polarization in normal crystals.

piezoelectric polymers

PVDF

certain flexible polymers exhibit piezoelectricity because of their asymmetrical molecular structure and orientation

PVDF-(TrFE)