Groups

ND

HFD

HFD + GKM3

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

129.50 ± 23.50^b

229.50 ± 8.65^a

71.67 ± 1.33^c

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

116.24 ± 6.74^a

98.35 ± 1.94^b

90.55 ± 1.96^b

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

71.67 ± 2.86^a

52.50 ± 4.84^b

61.17 ± 2.48^ab

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

38.33 ± 2.60^a

24.67 ± 1.78^b

24.83 ± 1.01^b

LDL-C/HDL-C (ratio)

0.55 ± 0.04^a

0.47 ± 0.03^ab

0.40 ± 0.03^b

Glucose (mg/dL)

242.65 ± 8.45^a

240.93 ± 6.96^a

247.85 ± 2.85^a

AST (U/L)

84.67 ± 11.75^a

62.17 ± 4.04^a

68.67 ± 9.44^a

ALT (U/L)

35.67 ± 4.29^a

32.50 ± 2.05^a

30.33 ± 5.14^a

Uric acid (mg/dL)

5.72 ± 0.10^b

7.47 ± 0.15^a

5.68 ± 0.11^b

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.60 ± 0.00^a

0.55 ± 0.03^a

0.53 ± 0.02^a

Ketone body (mmol/L)

5.68 ± 0.20^b

7.17 ± 0.33^a

5.18 ± 0.43^b

Na⁺ (mmol/L)

145.33 ± 0.67^a

145.50 ± 0.43^a

144.33 ± 0.49^a

K⁺ (mmol/L)

4.62 ± 0.07^a

4.42 ± 0.03^b

4.55 ± 0.04^ab

Cl^– (mmol/L)

105.67 ± 0.33^a

105.67 ± 0.33^a

105.17 ± 0.40^a