Doping ion

E/eV

D/Å

${\text{Q}}_{{\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}}/\text{e}$

未掺杂

−0.905

2.208

−0.29

Ni²⁺

−0.926

2.179

−0.32

Cu²⁺

−0.915

2.178

−0.31

Zn²⁺

−1.185

2.164

−0.32