| 函数 | 算法 | Mean | Std | 函数 | 算法 | Mean | Std |
| F1 | IOOA | 0.0000E+00 | 0.0000E+00 | F14 | IOOA | 9.9800E−01 | 1.4866E−16 |
| OOA | 0.0000E+00 | 0.0000E+00 | OOA | 1.1304E+00 | 4.3099E−01 | ||
| DO | 1.5928E−08 | 9.5084E−09 | DO | 9.9800E−01 | 5.3681E−16 | ||
| GJO | 3.1976E−113 | 8.3915E−113 | GJO | 6.4046E+00 | 4.7534E+00 | ||
| GWO | 1.0386E−58 | 2.5695E−58 | GWO | 4.1998E+00 | 3.9479E+00 | ||
| HBA | 1.3772E−277 | 0.0000E+00 | HBA | 1.1964E+00 | 6.0540E−01 | ||
| POA | 7.614E−211 | 0.0000E+00 | POA | 1.0311E+00 | 1.8148E−01 | ||
| PSO | 1.6537E+01 | 4.5295E+00 | PSO | 3.2643E+00 | 2.6712E+00 | ||
| RSA | 0.0000E+00 | 0.0000E+00 | RSA | 3.0918E+00 | 1.9501E+00 | ||
| SHO | 8.5059E−288 | 0.0000E+00 | SHO | 5.4281E+00 | 4.7675E+00 | ||
| WOA | 5.4039E−147 | 2.9568E−146 | WOA | 2.4046E+00 | 2.9323E+00 | ||
| F2 | IOOA | 0.0000E+00 | 0.0000E+00 | F15 | IOOA | 3.3824E−04 | 1.5854E−04 |
| OOA | 0.0000E+00 | 0.0000E+00 | OOA | 4.4400E−04 | 1.5163E−04 | ||
| DO | 1.0339E−04 | 4.5370E−05 | DO | 1.7718E−03 | 5.0634E−03 | ||
| GJO | 1.7551E−66 | 2.1245E−66 | GJO | 4.1586E−04 | 2.7648E−04 | ||
| GWO | 8.1939E−35 | 5.9183E−35 | GWO | 4.4156E−03 | 8.1148E−03 | ||
| HBA | 8.9852E−146 | 4.4933E−145 | HBA | 4.5566E−03 | 8.2408E−03 | ||
| POA | 2.395E−105 | 1.2106E−104 | POA | 3.0749E−04 | 1.5478E−09 | ||
| PSO | 1.5020E+01 | 2.6415E+00 | PSO | 9.0994E−04 | 1.3604E−04 | ||
| RSA | 0.0000E+00 | 0.0000E+00 | RSA | 1.2531E−03 | 5.2941E−04 | ||
| SHO | 5.5484E−158 | 1.3285E−157 | SHO | 3.6820E−04 | 1.8276E−04 | ||
| WOA | 4.9090E−97 | 2.6888E−96 | WOA | 6.8198E−04 | 3.1223E−04 | ||
| F3 | IOOA | 0.0000E+00 | 0.0000E+00 | F20 | IOOA | −3.2186E+00 | 2.6055E−01 |
| OOA | 0.0000E+00 | 0.0000E+00 | OOA | −2.7421E+00 | 2.5343E−01 | ||
| DO | 6.0887E−01 | 4.4160E−01 | DO | −3.2823E+00 | 5.7005E−02 | ||
| GJO | 4.5158E−35 | 2.4728E−34 | GJO | −3.1036E+00 | 1.6029E−01 | ||
| GWO | 1.4042E−13 | 7.4128E−13 | GWO | −3.2414E+00 | 8.1554E−02 | ||
| HBA | 4.009E−204 | 0.0000E+00 | HBA | −3.2650E+00 | 7.3951E−02 | ||
| POA | 9.3923E−209 | 0.0000E+00 | POA | −3.3060E+00 | 4.1267E−02 | ||
| PSO | 1.5913E+02 | 3.6606E+01 | PSO | −3.2738E+00 | 5.9167E−02 | ||
| RSA | 0.0000E+00 | 0.0000E+00 | RSA | −2.7919E+00 | 3.0845E−01 | ||
| SHO | 1.0169E−204 | 0.0000E+00 | SHO | −2.8936E+00 | 4.5906E−01 | ||
| WOA | 1.6657E+04 | 8.9597E+03 | WOA | −3.2475E+00 | 9.7401E−02 | ||
| F4 | IOOA | 0.0000E+00 | 0.0000E+00 | F21 | IOOA | −1.0153E+01 | 2.9244E−07 |
| OOA | 0.0000E+00 | 0.0000E+00 | OOA | −1.0153E+01 | 2.9483E−07 | ||
| DO | 9.5931E−02 | 6.5388E−02 | DO | −5.2190E+00 | 3.1815E+00 | ||
| GJO | 3.9693E−33 | 1.4739E−32 | GJO | −8.9673E+00 | 2.1790E+00 | ||
| GWO | 1.6594E−14 | 3.9699E−14 | GWO | −9.5637E+00 | 1.8354E+00 | ||
| HBA | 2.3662E−118 | 8.2468E−118 | HBA | −9.3426E+00 | 2.4875E+00 | ||
| POA | 2.9897E−104 | 1.2904E−103 | POA | −9.4734E+00 | 1.7626E+00 | ||
| PSO | 2.5527E+00 | 2.5081E−01 | PSO | −6.5579E+00 | 3.5217E+00 | ||
| RSA | 0.0000E+00 | 0.0000E+00 | RSA | −5.0393E+00 | 8.9950E−02 | ||
| SHO | 3.4305E−116 | 8.8701E−116 | SHO | −5.4789E+00 | 1.9752E+00 | ||
| WOA | 3.4357E+01 | 3.0798E+01 | WOA | −7.9350E+00 | 2.5618E+00 | ||
| F5 | IOOA | 0.0000E+00 | 0.0000E+00 | F22 | IOOA | −1.0403E+01 | 3.8664E−05 |
| OOA | 1.1623E−10 | 4.5773E−10 | OOA | −1.0403E+01 | 3.1241E−05 | ||
| DO | 2.6392E+01 | 1.8010E+00 | DO | −7.1663E+00 | 3.6271E+00 | ||
| GJO | 2.7485E+01 | 8.8000E−01 | GJO | −1.0222E+01 | 9.6973E−01 | ||
| GWO | 2.6790E+01 | 5.5297E−01 | GWO | −1.0402E+01 | 2.1799E−04 | ||
| HBA | 2.2165E+01 | 8.5624E−01 | HBA | −9.2269E+00 | 2.6928E+00 | ||
| POA | 2.7566E+01 | 1.0735E+00 | POA | −1.0048E+01 | 1.3485E+00 | ||
| PSO | 6.8916E+03 | 2.8000E+03 | PSO | −8.8077E+00 | 2.9805E+00 | ||
| RSA | 9.7106E+00 | 1.3807E+01 | RSA | −5.0876E+00 | 7.5362E−07 | ||
| SHO | 2.7929E+01 | 5.2938E−01 | SHO | −5.5601E+00 | 1.6211E+00 | ||
| WOA | 2.7263E+01 | 5.1198E−01 | WOA | −7.7453E+00 | 3.3784E+00 | ||
| F13 | IOOA | 1.3497E−32 | 5.5674E−48 | F23 | IOOA | −1.0536E+01 | 3.7730E−05 |
| OOA | 5.7335E−12 | 2.8218E−11 | OOA | −1.0536E+01 | 3.4249E−05 | ||
| DO | 3.6725E−04 | 2.0060E−03 | DO | −7.1942E+00 | 3.7387E+00 | ||
| GJO | 1.6671E+00 | 2.4142E−01 | GJO | −1.0262E+01 | 1.4808E+00 | ||
| GWO | 6.3292E−01 | 2.6935E−01 | GWO | −1.0535E+01 | 2.7837E−04 | ||
| HBA | 1.1639E−01 | 1.2332E−01 | HBA | −8.0801E+00 | 3.5553E+00 | ||
| POA | 2.5958E+00 | 4.3152E−01 | POA | −1.0175E+01 | 1.3720E+00 | ||
| PSO | 3.0278E+01 | 9.0271E−01 | PSO | −9.0890E+00 | 2.6638E+00 | ||
| RSA | 2.3000E−01 | 7.0864E−01 | RSA | −5.1284E+00 | 1.3817E−06 | ||
| SHO | 2.0437E+00 | 3.3537E−01 | SHO | −5.1184E+00 | 1.2772E+00 | ||
| WOA | 2.0369E−01 | 1.6917E−01 | WOA | −9.7988E+00 | 1.8651E+00 |