(1)

(2)

(3)

SD

−2.451***

−1.310**

−1.404**

(−3.701)

(−2.248)

(−2.408)

SIZE

4.911***

4.829***

(11.565)

(11.084)

ROA

87.962***

87.804***

(24.760)

(24.813)

LEV

−7.565***

−7.354***

(−5.507)

(−5.307)

SMTH

−3.428

−3.861

(−0.883)

(−0.987)

TURN

−0.331

−0.394

(−0.430)

(−0.509)

EXCP

1.928***

1.924***

(4.372)

(4.400)

LIST

2.684

2.987+

(1.430)

(1.764)

MB

−3.818***

−3.892***

(−3.268)

(−3.340)

MANSHAE

−4.326**

−4.585**

(−2.358)

(−2.526)

_cons

27.462***

−119.490***

−116.983***

(79.130)

(−7.709)

(−7.891)

Year

No

Control

Control

Industry

No

No

Control

N

15724

15167

15167

adj.R2

0.001

0.264

0.264