| 类别/范畴 | 标记语 |
| *从属连词 | because, since, though … |
| *并列连词 | for, so, and, or, but … |
| *独立小句 | I mean, you see, you know … |
| *祈使句 | say, let’s say, look, listen … |
| *从句 | as it were, so to speak, what’s more,,, |
| *方式副词 | consequently, surely, frankly … |
| *其他副词 | nevertheless, anyway … |
| 介词 | like |
| *介词短语 | on the contrary, after all, in particular… |
| 叹词 | Oh, Ah, Gosh … |
| 疑问词 | Why, What … |
| *各种不可分类的固定表达 | Proof that, The fact is that … |