Null Hypothesis:

Obs

Wald test

P-value

lnK does not Granger Cause Y

231

75.8470

0.0000

lnL does not Granger Cause Y

231

174.9802

0.0000

lv does not Granger Cause Y

231

47.6095

0.0000

E does not Granger Cause Y

231

321.4745

0.0000