| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| 非国有企业 | 国有企业 | 非国有企业 | 国有企业 |
| |DA| | |DA| | Fee | Fee |
Penalty | −0.017* | −0.013 | 0.164*** | 0.220*** |
| (0.066) | (0.259) | (0.000) | (0.002) |
Size | 0.014** | −0.004 | 0.261*** | 0.254*** |
| (0.043) | (0.623) | (0.000) | (0.000) |
Lev | −0.023 | 0.006 | 0.667*** | −0.218 |
| (0.452) | (0.867) | (0.000) | (0.134) |
Roa | −0.158** | 0.011 | −0.473 | 0.752 |
| (0.015) | (0.913) | (0.183) | (0.250) |
Complex | 0.085** | −0.046 | −0.052 | −0.447** |
| (0.013) | (0.336) | (0.683) | (0.023) |
Loss | −0.003 | 0.011 | 0.088 | 0.056 |
| (0.782) | (0.522) | (0.222) | (0.625) |
Big8 | 0.019* | 0.001 | 0.060 | 0.151** |
| (0.099) | (0.946) | (0.148) | (0.028) |
Scten | −0.000 | 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| (0.973) | (0.629) | (0.390) | (0.253) |
_cons | −0.250* | −0.162 | 7.602*** | 7.983*** |
| (0.088) | (0.417) | (0.000) | (0.000) |
观测值 | 457 | 173 | 457 | 173 |
行业效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
年度效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |