Enrichment principle

No.


Materials

Sensitivity (fmol/μL)

Selectivity

(β-casein: BSA)*

Recyclability

Number of identified phosphopeptides

Ref

Electrostatic interaction with amino groups

1

Amine-Functionalized Sol-Gel

10

1:50

-

25 in nonfat milk

[17]

2

pY-MIPs

1 × 103

-

-

44 in mouse brain

[18]

3

PNI-co-ATBA0.2@SiO2

-

1:200

-

1257 in HeLa cells

[19]

4

Fe3O4@PEI

5

1:1000

-

11 in nonfat milk

[20]

5

Polyethyleneimine-modified magnetic nanoparticles

-

1:100

-

19 in nonfat milk

[21]

4 in human serum

2251 in mouse brain

6

g-C3N4 magnetic graphitic

carbon nitride

-

1:100

-

20 in nonfat milk

[22]

21 in human serum

2576 in mouse brain

Electrostatic interaction with guanidine group

7

Guanidyl-functionalized graphene

-

-

-

12 in nonfat milk

[23]

8

Fe3O4@SiO2@GDN

-

1:100

6 cycles

-

[24]

9

SPIO@COF-Guanidyl

5 × 104

1:1000

5 cycles

63 in human saliva

[25]

10

PA-coated diamond NPs

6 × 106

-

-

9 in α-casein

[26]

4 in β-casein

8 in nonfat milk

11

Fe3O4@PDA@PMAA @PAMAM

1

1:500

5 cycles

22 in nonfat milk

[27]

17 in human saliva

12

Fe3O4/PDA/PAMA–Arg

-

1:500

5 cycles

14 in nonfat milk

[28]

1059 in mouse brain

Anion exchange effect

13

QCCS hybrid microsphere

-

1:100

-

18 in α-casein

[29]

15 in nonfat milk

14

Quaternized luffa sponge

-

1:100

-

21 in nonfat milk

[30]

Ligand exchange effect

15

nP-ZrO2

20

1:200

-

2237 in Jurkat-T cells

[31]

16

DZMOF-FDP

40

1:5000

-

17 in nonfat milk

[32]

1871 in HeLa cells

Lewis acid-base effect & hydrophilic effect

17

MNPs-(POM/CYECS)

0.02

-

20 cycles

15 in nonfat milk

[33]

16 in human saliva

11 in A549 cell lysates

18

Hf-1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene

0.4

1:1000

-

4 in nonfat milk

[34]

19 in human saliva