Characteristics

Conventional (n = 212)

Robotic (n = 70)

P value

Age (years)

60.0 ± 10.1

59.3 ± 7.5

0.521

Gender (male)

101 (47.6%)

29 (41.4%)

0.444

BMI (kg/m²)

24.9 ± 3.2

25.6 ± 3.2

0.085

Smoking

76 (35.8%)

12 (17.1%)

0.005

Drinking

57(26.9%)

16 (22.9%)

0.610

Diabetes mellitus

43 (20.3%)

5 (7.1%)

0.019

Hypertension

85 (40.1%)

19 (27.1%)

0.071

Cerebral infarction

25 (11.8%)

3 (4.3%)

0.112

Peripheral vascular embolism

33 (15.6%)

1 (1.4%)

0.003

Coronary disease

54 (25.5%)

6 (8.6%)

0.005

Atrial fibrillation

94 (44.3%)

33 (47.1%)

0.787

LVEF (%)

57.6 ± 5.5

58.5 ± 6.5

0.222

NYHA class

II

140 (66%)

40 (57.1%)

0.230

III

61 (28.8%)

23 (32.9%)

0.619

IV

11 (5.2%)

7 (10%)

0.164

Mitral valve stenosis

48 (22.6%)

19 (27.1%)

0.545

Mitral valve regurgitation

108 (50.9%)

37 (52.9%)

0.889

Mitral stenosis with regurgitation

56 (26.4%)

14 (20%)

0.359

Mitral valve pathology

Rheumatic

133 (62.7%)

39 (55.7%)

0.367

Degenerative

67 (31.6%)

24 (34.3%)

0.788

Ischemic

9 (4.2%)

7 (10%)

0.080

Infective endocarditis

5 (2.4%)

0 (0%)

0.337