Characteristics | Conventional (n = 212) | Robotic (n = 70) | P value |
Operative time (min) | 239.2 ± 49.9 | 321.7 ± 73.8 | <0.001 |
CPB time (min) | 91.0 ± 23.5. | 164.2 ± 50.7 | <0.001 |
Cross-clamp time (min) | 64.5 ± 21.5 | 98.4 ± 39.3 | <0.001 |
Blood loss (ml) | 652.5 ± 175.0 | 552.9 ± 227.0 | 0.001 |
Tracheal intubation time (h) | 22.2 ± 16.2 | 18.2 ± 9.6 | 0.015 |
ICU stay(h) | 71.0 ± 44.0 | 59.0 ±24.5 | 0.005 |
Postoperative hospital stay (d) | 15.7 ± 4.4 | 13.2 ± 3.1 | <0.001 |
Postoperative drainage (ml) | 693.6 ± 459.4 | 573.9 ± 317.1 | 0.016 |
Postoperative transfusion | 186 (87.7%) | 33 (47.1%) | <0.001 |
Postoperative complications |
|
|
|
Re-exploration for bleeding | 3 (1.4%) | 1 (1.4%) | 1.000 |
Pulmonary infection | 18 (8.5%) | 3 (4.3%) | 0.368 |
Pleural effusion | 15 (7.1%) | 3 (4.3%) | 0.576 |
Wound infection | 10 (4.7%) | 1 (1.4%) | 0.303 |
Lower extremity venous embolism | 2 (0.9%) | 2 (2.9%) | 0.258 |
Postoperative LVEF (%) | 56.3 ± 5.8 | 56.3 ± 6.4 | 0.984 |
Hospitalization costs | 115698.9 ± 27257.5 | 158511.5 ± 24420.2 | <0.001 |