Characteristics

Conventional (n = 212)

Robotic (n = 70)

P value

Operative time (min)

239.2 ± 49.9

321.7 ± 73.8

<0.001

CPB time (min)

91.0 ± 23.5.

164.2 ± 50.7

<0.001

Cross-clamp time (min)

64.5 ± 21.5

98.4 ± 39.3

<0.001

Blood loss (ml)

652.5 ± 175.0

552.9 ± 227.0

0.001

Tracheal intubation time (h)

22.2 ± 16.2

18.2 ± 9.6

0.015

ICU stay(h)

71.0 ± 44.0

59.0 ±24.5

0.005

Postoperative hospital stay (d)

15.7 ± 4.4

13.2 ± 3.1

<0.001

Postoperative drainage (ml)

693.6 ± 459.4

573.9 ± 317.1

0.016

Postoperative transfusion

186 (87.7%)

33 (47.1%)

<0.001

Postoperative complications

Re-exploration for bleeding

3 (1.4%)

1 (1.4%)

1.000

Pulmonary infection

18 (8.5%)

3 (4.3%)

0.368

Pleural effusion

15 (7.1%)

3 (4.3%)

0.576

Wound infection

10 (4.7%)

1 (1.4%)

0.303

Lower extremity venous embolism

2 (0.9%)

2 (2.9%)

0.258

Postoperative LVEF (%)

56.3 ± 5.8

56.3 ± 6.4

0.984

Hospitalization costs

115698.9 ± 27257.5

158511.5 ± 24420.2

<0.001