类型

子类

例子

编码

引导式元话语——在语篇中帮助引导受众理解语篇

过渡标记

用于补充

moreover, and, besides

用于比较

but, however, similarly

用于推论

because, so, thus

结构标记

用于排序

first, one, then

用于标记阶段

to sum up, so far

用于宣告目标

will, want

用于转换话题

turn to, now, so

内指标记

/

above; in the following

证源标记

/

according to X; Z states

语码标记

举例

for example, such as

定义

which means, refer to

改写措辞

in other words; that is (to say)

模糊语

/

might; perhaps; possible; about

人际互动式元话语——吸引受众使之参与对语篇的讨论

语力标记

/

in fact; defnitely; it is clear that

态度标记

/

Unfortunately; surprisingly; agree

自我提及标记

/

I; my; me; we (exclusive)

介入标记

通过问题

wh-Q, yes/no-Q, minimal Q

通过指示

look, ask, consider, remember

借助第一人称

we, our, us (inclusive)

借助第二人称

you, your, yourself