| 函数 | IGD指标 | dMOPSO | SMPSO | MOPSO | GGRAW |
| ZDT1 | Mean (Std) | 3.0131e−2 (8.57e−3) − | 5.5569e−2 (6.22e−2) − | 1.6479e+0 (1.02e−1) − | 5.1260e−3 (4.18e−4) |
| ZDT2 | Mean (Std) | 6.6052e−2 (1.37e−1) − | 2.6439e−2 (6.32e−2) − | 3.2009e+0 (1.87e−1) − | 5.1260e−3 (4.18e−5) |
| ZDT3 | Mean (Std) | 2.8915e−2 (6.79e−3) − | 1.6664e−1 (9.45e−2) − | 1.2587e+0 (1.18e−1) − | 5.1260e−3 (4.18e−6) |
| DTLZ2 | Mean (Std) | 1.4467e−1 (9.29e−3) − | 9.5469e−2 (7.27e−3) − | 1.5866e−1 (3.19e−2) − | 5.1260e−3 (4.18e−7) |
| WFG4 | Mean (Std) | 4.0273e−1 (2.85e−2) − | 3.3999e−1 (1.60e−2) − | 6.4192e−1 (1.59e−1) − | 5.1260e−3 (4.18e−8) |
| +/−/= | 0/5/0 | 0/5/0 | 0/5/0 |