VARIABLES

(1)

(2)

(3)

rd

rd

rd

ff

0.0089***

0.0279***

0.0079***

(0.0022)

(0.0076)

(0.0018)

lev

−0.0027

−0.0845***

−0.0011

(0.0024)

(0.0084)

(0.0028)

growth

0.0005

0.0067***

−0.0010***

(0.0005)

(0.0012)

(0.0003)

roa

0.0248***

−0.0840***

−0.0105***

(0.0048)

(0.0145)

(0.0028)

board

0.0001

0.0003

0.0003

(0.0002)

(0.0004)

(0.0002)

dir

0.0077

0.0541***

0.0103**

(0.0050)

(0.0135)

(0.0050)

top5

−0.0046***

−0.0293***

−0.0066

(0.0017)

(0.0044)

(0.0052)

nature

0.0000

0.0059***

−0.0005

(0.0006)

(0.0015)

(0.0014)

Ind

Yes

Yes

No

Year

Yes

Yes

Yes

Firm

No

No

Yes

Constant

0.0006

0.0230**

0.0158***

(0.0035)

(0.0114)

(0.0046)

Observations

4595

5816

5826

R-squared

0.351

0.360

0.106