| Support materials | Compositions | Feed (wt.%) | Temp. (℃) | F (kg m−2h−1) | S. F. | Ref. |
| Stainless steel disk | 1SiO2:0.1TPABr:0.1NaOH:80H2O | 5 vol % | 60 | ~0.8 | ~60 | [43] |
| Mullite tube | 1SiO2:0.17TPAOH:120H2O | 5 | 60 | 0.93 | 106 | [44] |
| Porous quartz disk | Gel-freesecondarygrowth | 5 | 60 | 2.1 | 85 | [45] |
| Silica tube | 1SiO2:0.05TPABr:0.08NaOH:75H2O | 10 | 60 | 3.00 | 92 | [46] |
| a-Al2O3 hollow fiber | 1TEOS:0.05TPAOH:165H2O:0.05NaOH | 5 | 60 | 9.80 | 58 | [47] |
| YSZ hollow fiber | 1SiO2:0.32TPAOH:176H2O | 5 | 60 | 7.40 | 47 | [48] |
| a-Al2O3 tube | 1TEOS:0.17TPAOH:120H2O | 5 | 60 | 1.81 | 89 | [49] |
| a-Al2O3 tube | 1TEOS:0.005TPAOH:165H2O:0.095NaOH | 5 | 60 | 1.36 | 85 | [50] |
| a-Al2O3 tube | 1TEOS:0.17TPAOH:165H2O | 5 | 60 | 1.82 | 62 | [51] |
| a-Al2O3 tube | 1TEOS:0.2TPAOH:0.06H3BO3:600H2O | 5 | 60 | 2.60 | 55 | [52] |
| a-Al2O3 tube | 1TEOS:0.08TPAOH:0.02TBAOH:140H2O | 5 | 60 | 0.93 | 71 | [42] |