(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

birth

birth1

birth1

birth1

pension

−0.396^**

−0.333^***

−0.285^*

−0.312^*

(0.144)

(0.0939)

(0.132)

(0.142)

consume

1.048^***

0.950^***

1.063^***

0.844^***

(0.180)

(0.100)

(0.106)

(0.112)

lnpgdp

−0.471

−1.342^***

−0.605

−0.245

(0.678)

(0.237)

(0.368)

(0.389)

urben

0.0826

0.0810^***

0.0774^***

−0.0397^*

(0.0421)

(0.0211)

(0.0221)

(0.0193)

struct

−0.0131

−0.0121

−0.00742

−0.0130

(0.00880)

(0.00879)

(0.00912)

(0.00963)

house

0.0616

0.0620

0.0580

−0.0108

(0.0405)

(0.0340)

(0.0379)

(0.0390)

_cons

12.11^*

20.34^***

13.62^***

16.28^***

(4.753)

(1.665)

(3.094)

(3.251)

年份固定

控制

未控制

控制

控制

省份固定

控制

控制

控制

未控制

N

525

525

525

525

R²

0.317

0.188

0.254

adj. R²

0.287

0.128

0.172