三岁a (n = 16)

四岁b (n = 44)

五岁c (n = 28)

六岁d (n = 30)

F

多重比较

父亲参与教养

互动交流

3.602 ± 0.864

3.521 ± 0.782

3.649 ± 0.439

3.488 ± 0.712

0.313

鼓励支持

4.197 ± 0.506

3.936 ± 0.755

3.976 ± 0.702

4.205 ± 0.588

1.326

情感表达

4.175 ± 0.652

4.140 ± 0.802

4.321 ± 0.436

4.186 ± 0.619

0.439

关注帮助

3.500 ± 0.885

3.670 ± 0.903

3.767 ± 0.673

3.641 ± 0.936

0.337

间接支持

4.479 ± 0.470

4.348 ± 0.693

4.607 ± 0.416

4.700 ± 0.385

2.887*

b

管教约束

2.890 ± 0.724

3.329 ± 0.826

3.133 ± 0.650

3.216 ± 0.733

1.418

幼儿情绪表达

正负性

3.542 ± 0.842

3.477 ± 0.649

3.560 ± 0.739

3.500 ± 0.671

0.174

内外性

2.750 ± 0.742

2.778 ± 0.540

2.750 ± 0.451

2.775 ± 0.555

0.022

强弱性

2.513 ± 0.906

2.510 ± 0.639

2.598 ± 0.724

2.550 ± 0.808

0.648