解释变量 | 传统固定效应模型 | 空间面板滞后模型 | ||
空间固定 | 时间固定 | 时空固定 | ||
GOV | 0.0103** | 0.0131 | 0.0133*** | 0.0206** |
PER | 0.0083* | −0.0108 | 0.0084* | 0.0364* |
WAS | −0.0218** | −0.0161 | −0.0247** | −0.0196 |
RUB | −0.0026* | −0.0011 | 0.0003 | −0.0021 |
ELE | 0.0070*** | 0.0063 | 0.0071*** | 0.0090 |
FIN | 0.0269** | 0.0089 | 0.0266** | 0.0113* |
R&D | −0.0001 | −0.0021 | −0.0014 | −0.0105 |
R^2 | 0.56 | 0.90 | 0.57 | 0.90 |