变量

一般回归模型

空间杜宾模型

① OLS

② MLE

③ GS2SLS

COVID19

−0.089^*

−0.088^**

−0.092^***

(−1.96)

(−2.03)

(−3.27)

Income

1.451^***

1.550^***

1.396^***

(3.20)

(4.26)

(4.86)

N4S

0.170^**

0.131^**

0.185^***

(2.38)

(2.15)

(2.80)

Cars2019

0.706^***

0.741^***

0.686^***

(9.81)

(12.15)

(11.04)

_cons

−24.991

−26.276^**

−24.406^***

(−1.70)

(−2.55)

(−4.28)

Wd:

N4S

−0.414^*

−0.645^**

(−1.79)

(−2.51)

Cars2020

0.475^*

0.743^***

(1.82)

(2.63)

e.Cars2020

−2.144^***

−7.509^***

(−2.66)

(−4.90)

N

31

31

31

R²

0.997

0.9972

0.9973

Wald Test

-

9.49^**

42.39^***