Co-N-C

0.1 M HClO₄

80 mmol g_cat⁻¹ h⁻¹ (0.5 V_RHE) 275 mmol g_cat⁻¹ h⁻¹ (0.4 V_RHE)

>90

[12]

Co-POC-O

0.1 M KOH

813 mg L⁻¹ h⁻¹ (100 mA) 478 mmol g_cat⁻¹ h⁻¹ (100 mA)

>80

[13]

Ni-N₂O₂/C

0.1 M KOH

5.9 mol g_cat⁻¹ h⁻¹

96

[28]

Co₁-NG(O)

0.1 M PBS

-

~70

[29]

0.1 M KOH

~418 mmol g_cat⁻¹ h⁻¹ (50 mA)

~82

碳基催化剂

杂原子掺杂

N-石墨(N60.7%)

碱性

1286.9 mmolg_cat⁻¹ h⁻¹

~75

[30]

FPC

pH = 1

112.6~792.6 mmol g_cat⁻¹ h⁻¹

97.5 - 83

[18]

HPCS-S

-

183.99 mmol g_cat⁻¹ h⁻¹ (0.77 V_RHE)

~70

[31]

F-mrGO(at RDE)

0.1 M KOH

-

-

[32]

F-mrGO

430.8 mmol g_cat⁻¹ h⁻¹ (0.685 V_RHE)

~100

F-mrGO(600)

-

~100

N-CMK3-IL

0.1 M KOH

561.7 mmol g_cat⁻¹ h⁻¹ (0.1 V_RHE)

~86

[16]

氧功能化

O-CNTs

0.1 M KOH

~3950 mg L⁻¹ h⁻¹ (50 mA)

~90

[18]

CNTs

-

~60

oxo-G/NH₃H₂O

0.1 M KOH

224.8 mmol g_cat⁻¹ h⁻¹ (0.2 V_RHE)

>82

[33]

rGO-KOH

0.1 M KOH

-

~100

[19]

缺陷

HPC

0.1 M HClO₄

395.7~110.2 mmol g_cat⁻¹ h⁻¹

80.9 - 95

[21]

CMK-3

0.1 M KOH

0.3 wt% (2 h) (1.6 V,46 mA)

~90

[6]

o-GOMC-1

0.1 M KOH

24 ± 2 mM (16 h, 3 mA)

93 ± 1

[34]

g-N-CHNs

0.1 M H₂SO₄

-

98

[35]

0.1 M PBS

-

90

0.1 M NaOH

-

63